918 pages


P R E F A C E Patenting, as an act of juridical protection of intellectual property, showed up in first half of XIII century in England where in 1243 a charter of immunity was given by the King for the method of salf production from sea-water.

The first information concerning patenting of innovations by Armenians is belived to relate to XVI century when in Venice the inventor Anton Surian received privileges and character of immunity on August 17, 1564 for the construction and method of "pontoon" salvaging of sank vessels from Adriatic Sea lagoon.

His son Hovsep Surian received about 30 patents in that medieval Republic.

In USA, the first claim for patent was given by an Armenian in 1854. It was immediately securityrestricted by State Department of the country, because it concerned to the method of production and green colour putting on dollar notes, which excluded the falcification possibility. It is security-restricted until present time. The author of that invention was chemist Christopher Der-Seropian.

In 1872, the chief of hydro-structures branch of Transportation Department of Russian Empire Hovhanes Karapetov made a claim for a new type of "vortex" nozzle for mazut injection in steam locomotive furnace. The claim was also security-restricted personally by Tzar because of its strategic value for the Empire.

In 1894, the Lvov druggist Ioanes Lukashevitch (Gukasian) patented in Germany the first design of kerosene lamp of "chandelier" type. Before the "electricity" era that lamp illuminated the whole Europe and USA.

In 1913, Armen Dalakranian in USA had received a patent for the construction of automatic loom for carpet-making. In 1917, the claim of Garabed Giragosian for gravitational engine ("Garabed engine") after long delays and even hearing in USA Congress was "buried" in State Department.

In 1923, the chemist Jamaco Chamtchian in Milan (Italy) received a patent for "fire proof" cine film. The scientific-research Institute in that city was named after him.

In 1931, the Academician of Academy of Sciences of USA Joseph (Hovsep) Slepian patented the "ignitron" rectifier. It was a revolution in railway electrical transport.

In 1934, Oscar Banker (Asatur Sarafian) patented in USA an autotransmission converting an ordinary self-propelled vehicle in modern automobile.

Before and after World War II a great number of patents had been received by Armenians for the inventions in many areas of technology in some countries of Europe and in USA.

The patent documentation, mainly patents and author's certificates, form a patent data bank which is a striking reflection of intellectual power of any civilized nation and State.

The patent data bank at present time counts 12 million units all over the world, mainly the funds of USA, England, France, Germany and former USSR. For the last decades, the patent fund of Japan increased significantly.

The precise information about the number of patented innovations presented by Armenians all over the world doesn't exist. By approximate counting of these lines author it's about 250 thousand innovations.

In 1991-1992 the Armenian Research Institute for Scientific and Technical Information for the first time has made an attempt to create one part of data bank of patents, author's certificates and selective achievements of innovators of Armenian descent.

As a result of this laborious work, an automated data bank, containing basic information concerning more than 53000 inventions, was Created, including:
-innovations ans selective achievements created in the territory of Armenia from 1924 to 1992 in chronological order of juridical protection and recording in the state Register of USSR-two bases by 10000 descriptions of author's certificates in Russian and Englich;
-inventions claimed and registered by Armenians of former USSR and NIS from 1924 to 1991-33000 descriptions in Russian;
- inventions claimed by Armenians of USA from 1964 to 1988 -9600 patents in English.

INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL CODES FOR INDENTIFICATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA. (11) - number of document
(46) - patent's publication date
(51) - indices of International Patent Classification (IPC)*
(54) - name of invention
(72) - author(s)
(73) - patent-holder(s)

* Material has been completed in accordance with 4-th editing of IPC.




CONTENT

• A HUMAN NECESSITIES
• A01 AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING;TRAPPING; FISHING
• A01B SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OF FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
• A01C PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
• A01D HARVESTING; MOWING
• A01F PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
• A01G HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS, OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
• A01H NEW PLANTS
• A01J MANIFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
• A01K ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING
• A01M CATHING OR TRAPPING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
• A01N PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES, AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTIONS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
• A21 BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
• A21B BAFER'S OVENS; MACHINIES OR EQUIPMENT FOR BAKING
• A21C MACHINS OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
• A21D TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, of FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
• A22 BUTCHERING, MEAT MREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OF FISH
• A22B SLAUGHTERING
• A22C PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
• A23 FOODS FOODSTUFFS; THEIR TREATMENT, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
• A23B PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHIMICAL RIPENING OF FRUT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
• A23C DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER, CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
• A23G COCOA; CHOCOLATE; CONFECTIONERY; ICE-CREAM
• A23J PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSSTUFFS
• A23K FODDER
• A23L FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A3B TO A3J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHISICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL[4]
• A23N MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES, OR FLOWER BULTS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR
• FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING-STUFFS
• A24 TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
• A24B MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
• A24C MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
• A24D CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
• A24F SMOKERS'REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES
• A41 WEARING APPAREL
• A41H APPLIANCES OR METHODS FOR MAKING CLOTHES, e.g. FOR DRESS-MAKING, FOR TAILORING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• A43 FOOTWEAR
• A43B FOOTWEAR
• A43C FASTENINGS; LACES; ATTACHMENTS
• A43D MACHINES; TOOLS; EQUIPMENT; METHOTS
• A44 HEBERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
• A44B BUTTONS,PINS,BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
• A45 HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
• A45C PURSES; TRAVELLING BAGS OR BASKETS; SUITCASES
• A46 BRUSHWARE
• A46B BRUSHES
• A46D MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
• A47 FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
• A47B TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
• A47D FURNITURE SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CHILDREN
• A47J KITCHEN EQUIPMENT, COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH COOKING OR HEATING STOVES
• A47L DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
• A61 MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCINCE; HYGIENE
• A61B DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
• A61C DENTISTRY; ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
• A61D VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, INPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
• A61F PROSTHESES; ORTHOPAEDIC OR NURSING APPLIANCES; CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES, FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES
• A61G TRANSPORT OR ACCOMMODATION FOR PATIENTS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; BURIAL DEVICES
• A61H PHISICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHS OR WASHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSER OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
• A61J PUTTING-UP PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
• A61K PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES
• A61L METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DESINFECTION, STERILISATION, OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHIMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
• A61M DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO OR ANTO THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MADIA FROM THE BODY
• A61N ELECTROTERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY
• A62 LIFE-SAVING; FIRE FIGHTING
• A62C FIRE-FIGHTING
• A63 SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
• A63B APPARATUS FOR PHISICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMS; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
• A63F CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; MISCELLANEOUS GAMES
• A63H TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS, BUILDING BLOCKS
• A63J DEVICES FOR THEATRES, CIRCUSES, OR THE LIKE; CONJURING APPLIANCES OR THE LIKE
• B- PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
• B01 PHISICAL OR CHIMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
• B01D SEPARATION
• B01F MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING, DISPERSING
• B01J CHIMICAL OR PHISICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
• B02 CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY THEATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
• B02B PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
• B02C CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
• B03 SEPARATION OF SOILD MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION
• B03B SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
• B03C MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION
• B03D FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
• B04 CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHISICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
• B04B CENTRUFUGES
• B04C APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
• B05 SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENEREAL; APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
• B05B SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
• B05C APPARATUS FOR APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
• B05D PROCESSES FOR APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES IN GENERAL
• B06 GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
• B06B METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
• B07 SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
• B07B SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, OR SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; OTHER SEPARATING BY DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
• B07C POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTID PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
• B08 CLEANING
• B08B CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
• B21 MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
• B21B ROLLING OF METAL
• B21C MANUFACTURE OF METAL CHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL- WORKING WITOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
• B21D WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING
• B21F WORKING OR PROCESSING OR WIRE
• B21H MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
• B21J FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
• B21K MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS, WHEELS
• B22 CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
• B22C FOUNDRY MOULDING
• B22D CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
• B22F WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALIC POWDER
• B23 MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• B23B TURNING; BORING
• B23C MILLING
• B23D PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• B23F MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
• B23G THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
• B23H WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCRNTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
• B23K SOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLANTING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
• B23P OTHER WORKING OF METAL; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
• B23Q DETALS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL, CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED NO A PARTICULAR RESULT
• B24 GRINDING; POLISHING
• B24B MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OR OBRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
• B24C ABRASIVE OR REALATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
• B24D TOOLS FOR GRANDING, BUFFING, OR SHARPING
• B25 HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS; WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT; MANIPULATORS
• B25B TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
• B25G HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS
• B25J MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
• B26 HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
• B26B HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• B26D CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR SEVERING, e.g. BY CUTTING, PERFORATING, PUNCHING, STAMPING-OUT
• B26F PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; SHAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
• B27 WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
• B27B SAWS
• B27C PLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TUNING, OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES
• B27F DOVETAILED WORK; TENONS; SLOTTING MACHINES; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES
• B27G ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS; TOOLS; SAFETY DEVICES, e.g. FOR SAWS
• B27H BENDING; CJJPERAGE; WHEEL-MAKING
• B27J MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
• B27K PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHIMICAL OR PHISICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
• B27N MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
• B28 WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
• B28B SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS, SLAG OR MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
• B28C PREPERING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
• B28D WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
• B29 WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
• B29B PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICs OR OTHER CONSTIYUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
• B29C SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS
• B29D PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
• B30 PRESSES
• B30B PRESSES IN GENERAL
• B31 MAIKING PAPER ARTICLES; WORKING PAPER
• B31B MAKING BOXES, CARTONS, ENVELOPES, OR BAGS
• B32 LAYERED PRODUCTS
• B32B LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
• B41 PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
• B41B MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRONIC COMPOSING DEVICES
• B41D APPARATUS FOR THE MECHANICAL REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES FOR STEREOTAPE PRINTING; SHAPING ELASTIC OR DEFORMABLE MATERIAL TO FORM PRINTING SURFACES
• B41F PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
• B41J TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
• B41K STAMPS; STAMPING OR NUMBERING APPARATUS OR DEVICES
• B41N PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE OR CONSERVING THEM
• B42 BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
• B42B PERMANENTLY ATTACHING TOGETHER SHEETS, QUIRES, OR SIGNATURES, OR PERMANENTLY ATTACHING OBJECTS THERETO
• B42C BOOKBINDING
• B43 WRITING OR DRAWING APPLIANCES; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
• B43L ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
• B44 DECORATIVE ARTS
• B44B MACHINES; APPARATUS, OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
• B44C PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICES; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
• B44D PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFASE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
• B44F SPECIAL DECIGNS OR PICTURES
• B60 VEHICLES IN GENERAL
• B60C VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING OR REPAIRING; REPAIRING, OR CONNECTING VALVES TO, INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS REALATED TO TYPES
• B60D VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
• B60G VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
• B60K ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VIHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; CONJOINT CONTROL OR DRIVE UNITS; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST, OR FUEL SUPPLY, OF PROPULSION UNITS, IN VEHICLES
• B60L ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT OR PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; MAGNETIC SUS¬PEN¬SION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VIHICLES, IN GENERAL
• B60P VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
• B60R VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VIHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• B60S SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• B60T VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS, OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL
• B61 RAILWAYS
• B61B RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• B61C LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAIL CARS
• B61F RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES, ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING; WHEELS GUARDS; OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE
• B61H BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING APPARATUS PECULIAR TO RAIL VENICLES; ARRANGEMENTS OR DISPOSITIONS OF BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING APPARATUS IN RAIL VEHICLES
• B61K OTHER AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT FOR RAILWAYS
• B61L GUDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC: ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
• B62 LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
• B62B HAND-PROPELLED VEHICLES, e.g. HAND CARTS, PERAMBULATORS; SLEDGES
• B62D MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
• B62M RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR CYCLES; TRANSNISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
• B63 SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
• B63B SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
• B63C LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
• B63H MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
• B64 AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
• B64C AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
• B64D EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLAYING SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS
• B64F GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRING-DECK INSTALLATIONS
• B65 CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING, HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
• B65B MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
• B65C LABELLING OR TAGGING MACHINES, APPARATUS, OR PROCESSES
• B65D CONTEINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS,
• HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTING THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
• B65F GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
• B65G TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, E.G. CONVEYERS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING; SHOP CONVEYER SYSTEMS; PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYERS
• B65H HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS CABLES
• B66 HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
• B66B ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
• B66C CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
• B66D CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
• B66F HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING, OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
• B67 LIQUID HANDLING
• B67B APPLYING CLOSURE MEMBERS TO BOTTLES, JARS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; OPENING CLOSED CONTAINERS
• B67C CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
• B67D DISPENSING, DELIVERING, OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• B68 SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
• B68B HARNESS; DEVICES USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH; WHIPS OR THE LIKE
• C - CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
• C01 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• C01B NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
• C01C AMMONIA; CYANIGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
• C01D COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI MATALS, i.e. LITHIUM,SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
• C01F COMPOUDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
• C01G COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUB-CLASSES C 01D OR C 01F
• C02 TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
• C02F TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
• C03 GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
• C03B MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
• C03C CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES, OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
• C04 CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
• C04B LIME; MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
• C05 FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
• C05B PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
• C05D INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C 05B, C 05C, e.g. FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
• C05F ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C 05B, C 05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
• C06F MATCHES; MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES
• C07 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• C07C ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
• C07D HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
• C07F ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC, OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULPHUR, SELENIUM, OR TELLURIUM
• C07G COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
• C07J STEROIDS
• C08 ORGANIC MICROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
• C08B POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEROF
• C08C TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
• C08F MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATE BONDS
• C08G MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
• C08J WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF CONPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERD BY CUBCLASSES C 08B, C 08C, C 08F, C 08G
• C08K USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS
• C08L COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
• C09 DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITIONS; MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS
• C09B ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-REALATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES; MORDANTS; LIKES
• C09C TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLES, TO ENHANCE THEIR PICMENTINC OR FILLING PROPERTIES; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK
• C09D INKS; PAINTS, VARNISHES; LAQUERS; WOOD-STAINS; CHEMICAL PAINT REMOVERS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING
• C09F NATURAL RESINS; FRANCH POLISH; DRYING-OILS; DRIERS; TURPENTINE
• C09G POLISHING COMPOSITIONS OTHER THAN FRANCH POLISH; SKI WAXES
• C09H PREPARATION OF GLUE OR GELATINE
• C09J THE USE OF MATERIALS OTHER THAN GLUE AS ADHESIVES; ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL
• C09K MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
• C10 PETROLEUM, CAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
• C10C WORKING-UP TAR, PITCH, ASPALT, BITUMEN; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
• C10F CUTTING, DRYING, OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT
• C10G CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES FROM MATERIALS OTHER THAN HYDROCARBONS, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDRROGENATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
• C10J PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
• C10L FUELS NOT OTERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
• C10M LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
• C11 ANIMALS OR VEGETABLLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
• C11B PRODUCING, REFFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY OILS OR WAXES, INCLUDING EXXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
• C11C FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS, OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
• C11D DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
• C12 BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
• C12C BREWING OF BEER
• C12F DISTILLATION OR FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS; DENATURING OF, OR DENATURED, ALCOHOL
• C12G WINE; OTHER ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPERATION THEREOF
• C12H PASTEURISATION; STERILISATION; PRESERVATION; PURIFICATION; CLARIFICATION; AGEING
• C12M APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; UNICELLULAR ALGAE, PLANT OR ANIMAL CELL, TISSE, OR VIRUS-CULTURE APPARATUS
• C12N MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS OR TISSUE; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
• C12P FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DISIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RECEMIC MIXTURE
• C12Q MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
• C12R INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C2C TO Q, RELATING TO MICRO-ORGANISMS
• C13 SUGAR INDUSTRY
• C13D PRODUCTION OR PURIFICATION OF SUGAR JUICES
• C13K GLUCOSE; INVERT SUGAR; LACTOSE; MALTOSE; SYNTHESIS OF SUGARS BY HYDROLYSIS OF DI- OR POLYSACCHARIDES
• C14 SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
• C14B MECHANICAL TRATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES, OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
• C14C CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
• C21 METALLURGY OF IRON
• C21B MANUFACTURE OF IRON OF STEEL
• C21C PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REINING, MANUFACTURE OR WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
• C21D MODIFYING THE PHISICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE BY DECARBURISATION, TEMPERING, OR OTHER TREATMENTS
• C22 METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
• C22B PRODUCTION OF REFFINING OF mETALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
• C22C ALLOYS
• C22F CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
• C23 COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
• C23C COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLATATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
• C23D ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
• C23F NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACES; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL; INHIBITING INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR
• SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLSASS C3 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED By SUBCLASS C1D OR C2F OR CLASS C25
• C23G CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
• C25 ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
• C25B ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
• C25C PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
• C25D PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLITIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
• C30 CRYSTAL GROWTH
• C30B SINGLE-GRISTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIALS OR UNIDIRECTIONAL
• DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIALS; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS; DOPING PROCESSES FOR CRYSTALS IN GENERAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIALS IN GENERAL; APPARATUS THEREFOR
• D TEXTILES; PAPER
• D01 NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
• D01B MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OR FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
• D01D MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS
• D01F CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS
• D01G PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
• D01H SPINNING OR TWISTING
• D02 YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
• D02G CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, YARNS, OR THREADS; YARNS OR THREADS
• D02H WARPING, BEAMING, OR LEASING
• D03 WEAVING
• D03C SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
• D03D WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
• D03J AUXILIARY WEAVING APPARATUS; WEAVERS'TOOLS; SHUTTLES
• D04 BRIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
• D04B KNITTING
• D05 SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
• D05B SEWING
• D06 TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• D06F LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
• D06H MARKING, INSPECTING, SEAMING, OR SERVERING TEXTILE MATERIALS
• D06M TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D 06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS, OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
• D06N WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• D06P DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURE, OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
• D07 ROPES, CABELS OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
• D07B ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
• D21 PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
• D21C PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
• D21F PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
• D21G CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
• D21H CARDBOARD; PAPER; THEIR MANUFACTURE NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS D1F
• D21J FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
• E FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
• E01 CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
• E01B PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
• E01C CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
• E01D CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
• E01F ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
• E01H STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEANCHES; CLEANING LAND; DISPERSING FOG IN GENERAL
• E02 HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL-SHIFTING
• E02B HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
• E02C SHIP-LIFTING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS
• E02D FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
• E02F DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
• E03 WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
• E03B INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
• E03C DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER
• E03D WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
• E03F SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
• E04 BULDING
• E04B GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
• E04C STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
• E04D ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
• E04F FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
• E04G SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BULDING IMPLEMENTS OR OTHER BUILDING AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
• E04H BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; MASTS, FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
• E05 LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOWS OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
• E05B LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
• E05D HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS, OR WINGS
• E05F DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
• E06 DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS, IN GENERAL; LADDERS
• E06B FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VENICLES, FENCES, OR LIKE ENCLOSURES, IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
• E21 EARTH DRILLING; MINING
• E21B EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS FROM DEEP WELLS
• E21C MINING OR QUARRYING
• E21D SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES
• E21F SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINAGE IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
• F - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
• F01 MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
• F01B MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DESPLACEMENT TYPE, e. g. STEAM ENGINES
• F01C ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
• F01D NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
• F01K STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
• F01L CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
• F01M LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL- COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
• F01N GASE-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
• F01P COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
• F02 COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
• F02B INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
• F02D CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
• F02F CYLINDERS, PISTONS, OR CASINGS FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
• F02G HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F02K JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
• F02M SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
• F02N STARTING OF COMPUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F03 MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, OR MISCELLANEOUS MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F03B MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
• F03C POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
• F03D WIND MOTORS
• F03G SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA, OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER-PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F03H PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F04 POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
• F04B POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
• F04C ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
• F04D NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
• F04F PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
• F15 FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
• F15B SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F15C FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
• F16 ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
• F16B DEVICES FOR FASTINING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
• F16C SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OF CRANKSHAFT MACHANISMS, ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
• F16D COUOLINGS; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
• F16G BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
• F16H GEARING
• F16J PISTONS; CYLINDERS; PRESSURE VESSELS IN GENERAL; SEALINGS
• F16K VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
• F16L PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES OR CABELS; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
• F16N LUBRICATING
• F17 STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR JIGUIDS
• F17B GAS-HOLDERS OF VARIABLE CAPACITY
• F17C VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VEASSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
• F21 LIGHTING
• F21Q NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES FOR SIGNALLING
• F21S NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F22 STEAM GENERATION
• F22B METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
• F22D PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREAHEATED, FEED-WATER; FEED-WATER SUPPLY; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL; CIRCULATING WATER WITHIN BOILERS
• F23 COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
• F23B COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
• F23C COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING FLUENT FUEL
• F23D BURNERS
• F23G CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE BY COMBUSTION
• F23J REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
• F23K FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
• F23L AIR SUPPLY; DRAUGHT-INDUCING; SUPPLYING NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID OR GAS
• F23N REGULATING OR CONTROLLING CONBUSTION
• F24 HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
• F24B DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS
• F24D DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS: DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
• F24F AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
• F24H FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEAN, IN GENERAL
• F24J PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F25 REFRIGERATION OR COOLING, MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION OR SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
• F25B REFREGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS, OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS, e.g. HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
• F25D REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES, COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT COVERED BY ANY OTHER SUB-CLASS
• F25J LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION, OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT
• F26 DRYING
• F26B DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
• F27 FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
• F27B FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
• F27D DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
• F28 HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
• F28B STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
• F28C HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
• F28D HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT; HEAT STORAGE PLANTS OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
• F28F DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
• F28G CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OF BOILERS
• F41 WEAPONS
• F41B WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• F41H ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
• F41J TARGENTS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
• F42 AMMUNITION; BLASTING
• F42B EXPLOSIVE CHARGES; AMMUNITION; MISSILES FIREWORKS
• F42D BLASTING
• G- PHYSICS
• G01 MEASURING; TESTING
• G01B MEASURING LENGHT, THICKNESS, OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMESIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
• G01C MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS, OR BEARINGS, FOR SURVEYING OR NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY
• G01D INDICATING OR RECORDING IN CINNECTION WITH MEASURING IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUB-CLASS; TARIF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• G01F MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW. OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
• G01G WEIGHING
• G01H MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
• G01J MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, OR PHASE OF INFRA-RED, VISIBLE OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
• G01K MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• G01L MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
• G01M TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• G01N INTESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• G01P MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
• G01R MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
• G01S RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING, LOCATING, DISTANCE OR VELOCITY MEASURING; RADIO NAVIGATION SYSTEMS; ANALOGOUS SYSTEMS EMPLOYING OTHER WAVES
• G01T MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR x-RADIATION
• G01V GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS
• G01W METEOROLOGY
• G02 OPTICS
• G02B OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS
• G02F DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS, THE OPTICAL OPERATION OF WHICH IS MODIFIED BY CHANGING THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIUM OF THE DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF THE INTENSITY,COLOUR, PHASE, POLARISATION OR DIRECTION OF LIGHT, e.g. SWITCHING, GATING, MODULATING OR DEMODULATING; TECHNIQUES OR PROCEDURES FOR THE OPERATION THEREOF; FREQUENCY-CHANGING; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
• G03 PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
• G03B APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING FHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
• G03C PHOTOSENSITIVE COMPOSITIONS OR BASES CARRYING THEM; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
• G03D APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
• G03G ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
• G03H HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
• G04 HOROLOGY
• G04B MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME-PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON, OR STARS
• G04C ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
• G04D APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
• G04F TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
• G05 CONTROLLING; REGULATING
• G05B CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS, MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
• G05D SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
• G05F SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
• G05G CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
• G06 COMPUTING; CALCULATING, COUNTING
• G06C DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN WHICH ALL THE COMPUTATION IS EFFECTED MECHANICALLY
• G06D DIGITAL FLUID-PRESSURE COMPUTING DEVICES
• G06F DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN WHICH AT LEAST PART OF THE COMPUTATION IS EFFECTED ELECTRICALLY; ARRANGEMENTS FOR HANDLING DIGITAL DATA
• G06G ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
• G06J HYBRID COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS
• G06K RECOGNITION OF DATA; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
• G06M COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• G07 CHICKING-DEVICES
• G07B TICKET-ISSUNG APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
• G07C TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
• G07D SORTING, TESTING, CHANGING, DELIVERING, OR OTERWISE HANDLING COINS; TESTING OR CHANGING PAPER CURRENCY; TESTING SECURITIES, BONDS, OR SIMILAR VALUABLE PAPERS
• G07F COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
• G08 SIGNALLING
• G08B SIGNALLING OR CALLING ARRANGEMENTS; ALARM ARRANGEMENTS
• G08C TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
• G08G TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
• G09 EDUCATING; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
• G09B EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR COMMUNICATING WITH THE BLIND OR DEAF; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
• G09C CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVILVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY
• G09D RAILWAY OR LIKE TIME OR FARE TABLES; PERPETUAL CALENDARS
• G09F DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
• G09G ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
• G10 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
• G10C PIANOS
• G10D MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• G10H ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
• G10H ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
• G10K SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; ACOUSTICS NOT OTERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• G10L SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECONGNITION
• G11 INFORMATION STORAGE
• G11B INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
• G11C STATIC STORES
• G12 INSTRUMENT DETAILS
• G12B DETAILS OF INSTRUMENTS, OR COMPARABLE DETAILS OF OTHER APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• G21 NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
• G21F PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION, OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; DECONTAMINIATION ARRANGEMENTS; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY-CONTAMINATED MATERIAL
• G21K TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA- OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
• H- ELECTRICITY
• H01 BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
• H01B CABELS; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING, OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
• H01C RESISTORS
• H01F MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
• H01G CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS,SWITCHING DEVICES, OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLITIC TYPE
• H01H ELECTRIC SWICHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVOCES
• H01J ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
• H01K ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
• H01L SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• H01M PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• H01P WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
• H01Q AERIES
• H01R LINE CONNECTORS; CURRENT COLLECTORS
• H01S DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMMISSION
• H01T SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
• H02 GENERATION, CONVERSION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
• H02B SWITCHBOARDS, SWITCHYARDS, OR SWITCHGEAR, FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
• H02G INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
• H02H EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
• H02J CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
• H02K DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
• H02M APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
• H02N ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• 5 H02P CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
• H03 BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
• H03B GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
• H03C MODULATION
• H03D DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
• H03F AMPLIFIERS
• H03G CONTROL AMPLIFICATION
• H03H IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
• H03J TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
• H03K PULSE TECHNIQUE
• H03L AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
• H03M CODING; DECODING OR CODE CONVERSION, IN GENERAL
• H04 ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
• H04B TRANSMISSION
• H04H BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
• H04J MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
• H04L TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
• H04M TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
• H04N PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
• H04R ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS
• H05 ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• H05B ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
• H05F STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCUBBING ELECTRICITY
• H05H PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NATURAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
• H05K PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAl DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

A HUMAN NECESSITIES

A01 AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING;TRAPPING; FISHING

A01B SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OF FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL

(11) 93082
(51) A01B 51/02 A01G 9/20
(46) 1933
(54) Self-propelled truck for different works doublepitch hotbeds
(72) V.S.Mkrtchian.

(11) 117615
(51) A01B 13/04
(46) 1958
(54) Machine for vineyard opening
(72)V.N.Israelian; P.A.Botin.

(11) 176123
(51) A01B 4/04 E02F 5/02
(46) 21-65
(54) Unit for irrogation furrow ridging simultaneously with sowing
(72) V.E.Avakian.

(11) 178192
(51) A01B 11/00 A01B 71/00
(46) 2-66
(54) Mechanical vibrating wire to the operatingmember
(72) O.A.Khachatrian; L.S.Khachatrian; K.V.Alexandrian
(71) "ArmNIIMESKH"

(11) 211177
(51) A01B 13/04
(46) 7-68
(54) Attachment to the plough for vineyards opening
(72) R.A.Romazian; V.M.Khachaturian
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 284469
(51) A01B 3/30
(46) 32-70
(54) Swivel plough
(72) I.V.Liptuga; N.I.Cheban; G.D.Kaluzjni; D.Ya. Simmeer; G.I.Danilevich; K.V.Alexandrian; A.A.Gasparian; K.G.Karakhanian; L.A.Gevorkian; L.A.Khachatrian
(71) State Construction Office Machine Cultivation "ArmNIIMESKH"

(11) 292602
(51) A01B 13/16
(46) 5-71
(54) Microbrackish lagoon maker
(72) I.V.Liptuga; N.I.Cheban; G.D.Kalujni; D.Y.Sinmeyer; G.I.Danilevich; L.M.Puliugin; Kh.A.Khachatrian; K.V.Alexandrian; A.A.Gasparian; K.G.Karakhanian
(71) State Construction-Design Office of Machine Cultivation for General Purpose and Arm. research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 314473
(51) A01B 13/04
(46) 28-71
(54) Operating member to the attachment for vines opening
(72) J.A.Aghadjanian; K.G.Harutunian; Sh.M.Grigorian; J.M.Mkrtchian; M.S.Guisosian
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 354778
(51) A01B 13/04
(46) 31-72
(54) Implement for plants care in rows
(72) R.A.Ramazian; R.M.Afrikian; G.R.Piloyan; G.A.Yerzinkian; M.I.Mkhitarian; S.M.Mikaelian
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 360907
(51) A01B 13/16
(46) 1-73
(54) Dam maker
(72) K.V.Alexanian; D.Y.Sinmeyer; L.N.Gevorkian; G.I.Danilevich; A.A.Gasparian
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 366826
(51) A01B 13/16
(46) 8-73
(54) Dam maker
(72) Kh.A.Khachatrian; I.V.Liptuga; K.V.Alexandrian; G.G.Gogunsky; G.I.Danilevich; A.A.Gasparian; D.Y.Sinmeyer; L.A.Gamarian; L.M.Pilugin
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 368821
(51) A01B 79/00 E02B 11/00
(46) 10-73
(54) Method of preparation of soil to leaching operation
(72) K.V.Alexandrian; G.I.Danilevich; D.Y.Sinmeyer; A.V.Aghasian
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 372952
(51) A01B 13/00 E02B 11/02
(46) 14-73
(54) Implement for salined soils treatment
(72) K.V.Alexanian; G.I.Danilevich; D.Y.Sinmeyer; A.V.Aghasian
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 372953
(51) A01B 13/04
(46) 14-73
(54) Machine for vineyards coverings opening
(72) L.S.Khachatrian; O.A.Khachatrian
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

(11) 374042
(51) A01B 3/46
(46) 15-73
(54) Implement for soil ploughing on the slopes
(72) Kh.A.Khachatrian; K.V.Alexandrian; G.G.Gogunsky; D.Y.Sinmeyer; G.I.Danilevich
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Eletcrification of Agriculture

(11) 377098
(51) A01B 13/04
(46) 18-73
(54) Device for grapevine covering
(72) V.M.Davtian; L.S.Khachatrian; O.A.Khachatrian; Sh.M.Grigorian
(71) Arm. Research In-te of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture

The full version is available in the "Information Sources of Republic of Armenia" CD.

 

home page author
2005-2006 | Rafayel Harutyunyan

design & programming
2005-2206 | DAR | Artak Harutyunyan